Mukesh sang many songs for Kalyanji Anandji music director duo. The comparatively fewer songs sung by him in the 1970s can be attributed to his failing health due to his worsening heart problem. This number is less than those sung by some of his contemporaries, but the fact is that Mukesh emphasised on quality rather than quantity. A total of around 1,300 songs were sung by him.
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In 1974, Mukesh received National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer for the song "Kai Baar Yuhi Dekha Hai" from Rajnigandha (1974), and Filmfare Awards for the songs "Sab Kuch Seekha Humne" in the movie Anari (1959), "Sabse Bada Naadan Wahi Hai" in Pehchaan (1970), "Jai Bolo Beimaan Ki" in Beimaan (1972) (all the three songs composed by Shankar–Jaikishan) and " Kabhi Kabhie Mere Dil Mein", the title song of film Kabhie Kabhie (1976) (composed by Khayyam). Out of 4 Filmfare Awards, Mukesh won 3 awards for Shankar–Jaikishan songs. Mukesh recorded highest number of songs for Shankar–Jaikishan, that is 133 songs followed by Kalyanji Anandji ie 99 songs. However, later Dilip Kumar choose Rafi as his ghost voice and Mukesh became the ghost voice of Raj Kapoor.
Other composers who used Mukesh voice for great Dilip Kumar in hit songs like "Jeevan Sapna toot gaya" were Anil Biswas in Anokha Pyar, Ye Mera Diwanapan hai, Shankar–Jaikishan in Yahudi and Suhana Safar and Dil Tadap Tadap ke, Salil Choudhary in Madhumati. He delivered many Hits for Naushad in films like: Anokhi Ada (1948), Mela (1948), Andaz (1949). Initially Mukesh was the ghost voice of Dilip Kumar in this movie and Mohammed Rafi sang for Raj Kapoor. Naushad gave him songs for the film Andaz. Mukesh created his own singing style with the help of music director Naushad Ali, who helped Mukesh to come out of his Saigal style and create his own style. Saigal first heard the song "Dil Jalta Hai.", he remarked, "That's strange, I don't recall singing that song". Saigal that in his early years of playback singing he used to imitate his idol. The first song that he sang for a Hindi film was "Dil Jalta Hai To Jalne De". He got his break as a playback singer for actor Motilal in 1945 with the film Pehli Nazar with music composed by Anil Biswas and lyrics written by Aah Sitapuri. His first song was "Dil Hi Bujha Hua Ho To" as an actor-singer for Nirdosh. During this period Mukesh was offered a role as an actor-singer in a Hindi film, Nirdosh (1941). Motilal took him to Mumbai and arranged for singing lessons by Pandit Jagannath Prasad.
Mukesh's voice was first noticed by Motilal, a distant relative, when he sang at his sister's wedding. He experimented with voice recordings during his employment in Delhi and gradually developed his singing abilities and also his musical instrumental skills. Mukesh left school after the 10th grade and worked briefly for the Department of Public Works. The music teacher who came home to teach Mukesh's sister, Sundar Pyari, found a pupil in Mukesh, who would listen from the adjoining room. He was the sixth in a family of ten children. His parents were Zorawar Chand Mathur, an engineer, and Chandrani Mathur.
Mukesh was born in Delhi in a Mathur Kayastha family.
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